Lyric discussion by gnomeklpto 

I think there have been some good comments on here, but I would like to center on two lines of the song I believe to be improperly treated and, in fact, related in an interesting way. The lines are: "emancipate yourselves from mental slavery..." "we've got to fulfill the book"

Here Bob is engaged in what's called reification critique. That is, he's challenging people to think critically about their surroundings and stop taking as "natural" or "inevitable" events or situations that are products of human agency.

Why would people make such a mistake?
Well, according to (some interpretations of) Marx, the working class, or proletariat, suffers from "false consciousness." This false consciousness causes them to see capitalist expropriation as an inevitable outgrowth of material conditions, and even to identify with their oppressors in one way or another. The proletariat is much stronger than the bourgeoisie, but, because of this false consciousness, the proletariat fails to realize its revolutionary potential.

In other words, in order to achieve political emancipation, the proletariat must first achieve mental emancipation. And only they can do that.

I believe that Bob is referring to Christian eschatology in the second part. The book he is referring to is The Bible, specifically Revelation. There are those that would remain defeated when their leaders are murdered - or might even praise it in a strange way. This is because Revelation predicts things must get much worse before they get better - ie. Jesus returns. Thus, any attempt to better one's position is to go against God's will. One should welcome persecution, because that means The End - and Christian redemption - is nigh.

Bob clearly does not like this attitude.

So, there it is, in both of these lines, he's addressing arguments against a revolution of the proletariat. Get Up, Stand up!

@gnomeklpto - great comments, I appreciate your articulation of things, which happen to reflect, largely, my exact feelings on both Marley's words as well as my personal view of the status quo in our "Western" culture. Unfortunately, the proletariat majority are so far gone that I am not sure redemption is possible.

Regarding your comments on the Book of Revelations, I completely agree that this is what Marley was referring to. And religious people I know do have the tendency to say, regarding the seemingly-downward spiral of society, "well, it's inevitable - it's been prophesied to happen, there's nothing we can do about it." Even if it proves to be true that we are in the "last days" predicted by that Biblical book, we are not justified in throwing our hands up in assumed defeat - we are to fight valiantly so that we can maintain honor. God would not have us hasten the demise of society, he'd have us fight a good fight.

@gnomeklpto

He means we got to fulfill the Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey. No references to the "other" book are made in the song. When Marley sings "emancipate yourself from mental slavery" he is actually quoting Marcus Garvey. In November 1937 Garvey said, "we are going to emancipate ourselves from mental slavery for though others may free the body, none but ourselves can free the mind. Mind is our only ruler; sovereign."

@gnomeklpto well what he is addressing in that particular line is the fear of a nuclear holocaust which is what was consuming the minds of all at that time and still is meanwhile the real issue is that while physical slavery (catching and selling of human beings) might have ended a new type had sprung up, slavery of the mind. Communism, capitalism, feminism, christianity, islam, gay rights all these banners and flags that represent ideas block reason... All idealism ought to have a human face and human feeling but as most minds are enslaved they do not. What Bob...

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